Leafy Spurge: A Noxious Weed and its Controls

by Pat Jaquith
pat@westvalleynaturalists.org

My first sight of Euphorbia esula, Leafy Spurge, in the West Valley was thanks to this caterpillar as I walked through an abandoned field. This 3 1/2 inch caterpillar’s appearance entranced me! Curiosity pulled me headlong into research and the information that follows.

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Three-Toed Woodpeckers at Work in West Valley

by Pat Jaquith
pat@westvalleynaturalists.org

American three-toed Woodpecker P.dorsalis Black-backed Woodpecker P.arcticus

The above woodpeckers have been seen in the West Valley with increasing frequency in the last few years. To learn more about these unusual birds and why they are here, read on.

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West Valley Bee and Bee

by Skip Via
skip@westvalleynaturalists.org

There are two common recommendations for maintaining and increasing the population of native bee species: plant native plants and provide a bee house of some kind so that the insects can overwinter or deposit their eggs and have a safe place for their larvae until the spring when they emerge. This article describes an attempt to do these as complementary processes.

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Galls: Growth on Plants

by Pat Jaquith
pat@westvalleynaturalists.org

Winter is a good time to spot unusual things when the leaves are off and grasses are dry and beaten down by snow. Sometimes it just takes a splash of color that you wouldn’t expect to draw your attention to an unusual growth. The galls in this article all are caused by different insects but are benign, that is, they usually don’t harm the plant they are on.

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